An Evaluation of Difficulty in Emotion Regulation, Impulsivity, and Emotional Eating in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate difficulties in emotion regulation, emotional eating, and impulsivity in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 53 children who were diagnosed with T1DM, and a control group of 50 subjects. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-age Children-Present and Lifetime Version, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale- Short Form (DERS-16), Emotional Eating Scale-Child and Adolescent Form (EES-C), and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale 11-Short Form (BIS-11) were administered to the participants. RESULTS: In the T1DM group, the disease duration was a mean of 52.7 ± 40.62 months, and only 17% had good metabolic control. The rate of psychiatric disorder determined was significantly higher in the T1DM group (P = .001). No significant difference was determined between the 2 groups in respect of the DERS-16, EES-C, and BIS-11 total and subscale scores. However, in multivariate linear regression, the increase in BIS-11 total score was affected by increasing DERS impulse (ß = 0.475), decreasing age (ß = -0.209), and presence of T1DM (ß = 0.211). An increase in the DERS-16 total score was associated with the presence of psychiatric disorder (ß = -0.258) and an increase in BIS-11-A (the second scale assesses concentration problems) (ß = 0.317) score. In the T1DM group, the glycated hemoglobin level was lower in the group with insulin treatment with the injection method (8.2 ± 2.1%) than in those with the pump method (9.1 ± 1.5%) (P = .069). CONCLUSION: It is important that mental health professionals take an active role in all processes of the disease in order to protect the mental health of children with T1DM. Cite this article as: Yildiz Miniksar D, Öz B, Kiliç M, et al. An evaluation of difficulty in emotion regulation, impulsivity, and emotional eating in children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2024;59(1):78-86.

Evaluation of suicide probability in children and adolescents with epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine suicide probability, factors affecting suicide, and personality traits of children and adolescents diagnosed with epilepsy, and to compare their results with those of children without epilepsy. METHODS: Fifty-six children diagnosed with epilepsy and 56 control children, aged 11-16 years, were evaluated by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic criteria, the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version, the Child Depression Inventory, the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 - Brief Form - Children (PID-5-BF) scales. Factors predicting suicide risk in children with epilepsy were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age, SPS total score, and hopelessness subscale score, PID-5-BF total score as well as disinhibition and psychoticism subscale scores of the epilepsy group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the Child Depression Inventory, and other subscales of the Suicide Probability Scales and PID-5-BF scales. The SPS total score was higher in patients with comorbid psychiatric diseases, those using psychiatric drugs, and girls (P < 0.05). An ANCOVA analysis indicated that the most important factor that predicted the probability of suicide and its subscale scores was the level of depression, and the presence of epilepsy was not predictive. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high probability of suicide and personality pathology in children with epilepsy but the main predictor of suicide probability was the level of depression, not the presence of epilepsy.

A comparison of phenomenological, clinical and familial psychiatric features of pediatric OCD and trichotillomania.

OBJECTIVES: Although trichotillomania (TTM) is classified in the obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) chapter of the DSM-5, several studies showed that it has several differences. The aim of this study was to examine the phenomenology, comorbidity, and family psychiatric characteristisc of childhood TTM and OCD. METHODS: This study compared youth ages 6-17 years with a primary diagnosis of TTM (n = 63) to those with primary OCD (n = 65) on clinical and familial psychiatric characteristics. RESULTS: In our study, the findings showed that family history of schizophrenia (42.3%) was higher among patients with TTM than the OCD group, while the history of OCD (55.8%) in the family was significantly higher among the OCD group (p < 0.001). The behaviour of plucking eyebrows was significantly higher among patients with TTM comorbid OCD than patients with only trichotillomania. TTM patients with comorbid OCD had one-dimensional symptom distribution than the presence of the OCD-only group, and the severity of OCD was lower. The incidence of pathological doubting was higher among the TTM group with comorbid OCD, than those with only OCD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support significant differences between OCD and TTM. Differences between OCD and TTM may reflect differences in underlying psychobiology, and may necessitate contrasting treatment approaches.KEYPOINTSWe aimed to compare the trichotillomania in itself and in the presence of OCD with the OCD group.Even if OCD accompanied trichotillomania, OCD symptom dimensions and severity were found to be lower than in the OCD-only group.Trichotillomania is a heterogeneous disorder with different dimensions besides the OCD spectrum.

Sleep quality in children and adolescents with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

Sleep disturbances are associated with an increased risk of attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which can also lead to sleep problems. In this study we aimed to determine the variables that affect the relationship between ADHD and sleep quality. Moreover, we aimed to compare these variables in children and adolescents with ADHD and healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a random sample of 122 ADHD patients and 100 healthy children in Turkey. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to assess sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The risk of impairment in sleep quality was associated with the presence of ADHD (OR: 13.3; 95% CI: 6.1-29.1), the presence of somatic disease (OR: 4.9; 95% CI: 1.9-12.2), and a family history of the psychiatric disorder (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.3-13.1). The PSQI total score was higher in children with parental separation compared to those without parental separation (p=0.006). As the economic level of the participants decreased, the PSQI total score increased significantly (p=0.006). It was determined that combined-type ADHD was associated with impairment in sleep quality more than the other subtypes (p<0.001 and p=0.031, respectively). Our findings show that children with ADHD have significantly more sleep problems than healthy controls and that sociodemographic variables and familial characteristics affect sleep quality in healthy children and children with ADHD.

The Effect of Preoperative Anxiety on Fetal Cord Blood Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-6, and Neonatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women.

BACKGROUNDS: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship in pregnant women who undergo elective cesarean section between the preoperative anxiety (POA) levels and neonatal results and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels, the pro-inflammatory cytokines in cord blood. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-six volunteer patients, aged 18 to 40, who underwent elective cesarean surgery were included in the study. Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) was evaluated at the anesthesia outpatient clinic and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) was determined one hour before cesarean section. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the umbilical cord blood were determined using the ELISA method. Fetal cord blood gas, birth weight, and APGAR scores at the 1st and 5th minutes after birth were recorded. RESULTS: The mean preoperative maternal SAI and TAI scores were 46.6±10.9 and 41.4±7.8, respectively. There was a significant correlation between POA and fetal birth weight and fetal cord blood TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 parameters. The inflammatory marker levels in the cord blood of fetuses in the high anxiety groups were significantly higher (p<0.001). Fetal birth weight was significantly lower in the high anxiety groups (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in cord blood gas values. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that an increase in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines in fetal cord blood in pregnant women with high anxiety levels and this situation causes negative effects on the newborn.